911爆料

Peer reviewed/Research article
Published online: June 2021

A  new epoch for community renewable energy co-operatives in Ireland? An exploration of the factors influencing their development.

 Gerard Doyle

Vol 54(1), pp. 7-23

How to cite this article: Doyle, G. (2021). A new epoch for community renewable energy co-operatives in Ireland? An exploration of the factors influencing their development. Journal of Co-operative Studies, 54(1), 7-23.  https://doi.org/10.61869/GOSB8549

Abstract

This paper outlines the capacities required for community groups to successfully establish and maintain renewable energy co-operatives in Ireland. It finds that community groups that successfully establish renewable energy co-operatives must possess high levels of resilience, have access to technical expertise, and have appropriate finance. It also highlights how it is crucial that at least one member of each renewable energy co-operative engages with state agencies and the community. Pringle鈥檚 (2015) theoretical framework applied in this paper focuses on the capacities required for the successful implementation of community renewable energy projects (which include community renewable energy co-operatives) in rural settings. Although this is a robust framework, when applied to Irish communities it may require some modification to detail the capacities required to successfully implement renewable energy co-operatives. Urban communities, particularly marginalised communities, may not possess the same level of expertise as rural communities. The theoretical framework could be broadened to acknowledge the critical importance of the amount of volunteer time that is required to ensure that a renewable energy co-operative becomes operational.


PDF

References

Bauwens, T. (2013). What roles for energy cooperatives in the diffusion of distributed generation technologies? SSRN.

Bauwens, T., Gotchev, B., & Holstenkamp, L. (2016). What drives the development of community energy in Europe: The case of wind power co-operatives. Energy Research and Social Science, 13, 136-147. 
 
Becker, S., Kunze, C., & Vancea, M. (2017). Community energy and social entrepreneurship: Addressing purpose, organisation and embeddedness of renewable energy projects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 147, 25-36. 
 
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. 
 
Climate Action Network. (2018). Off target: Ranking of EU countries' ambition and progress in fighting climate change. Climate Action Network.
 
Climate Change Advisory Council (2018). Annual Review. Climate Change Advisory Council.
 
Connolly, D., & Mathiesen, B. (2014). A technical and economic analysis of a potential pathway to 100% renewable energy systems. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, 1, 7-28.
 
Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment [DCCAE] (2017). Public consultation on the design of new renewable energy support scheme. Government of Ireland.
 
Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment [DCCAE] (2019). Terms and conditions for the first competition under the Renewable Energy Support Scheme. RESS 1: 2020. Government of Ireland.
 
Doyle, G. (2012). Social enterprise in the green economy (pp. 29-37). In G. Doyle & T. Lalor (Eds.). Social enterprise in Ireland: A people's economy? Oak Tree Press.
 
Emery, M., & Flora, F. (2006). Spiralling up: mapping community transformation with community capitals framework. Journal of the Community Development 911爆料, 37(1), 19-35. 
 
EU (2011, April 12) Communication from the Commission to the EU Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Council of the Regions, Smart grids: From innovation to deployment (COM (2011) 202 final).
 
Hain, J. J., Ault, G. W., Galloway, S. J., Cruden, A., & McDonald, J. R. (2005). Additional renewable energy growth through small-scale community-orientated energy policies. Energy Policy, 33, 1192- 1212. 
 
Herbes, C., Brummer, V., Rognli, J., Blazejewski, S., & Gericke, N. (2017). Responding to policy change: New business model for renewable energy cooperatives - barriers perceived by cooperative members. Energy Policy, 109, 82-95. 
 
Hillman, J., Axon, S., & Morrissey, J. (2018). Social enterprise as a potential niche innovation breakout for low carbon transition. Energy Policy, 117, 445-56. 
 
Howell, J. (2006). Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Research Policy, 35(5), 715-728. 
 
Hufen, H., & Koppenjan, J. (2015). Local renewable energy co-operatives: revolution in disguise. Energy, Sustainability and 911爆料, 5(18), 1-14. 
 
Huybrechts, B., & Mertens, S. (2014). The relevance of the co-operative model in the field of renewable energy. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 85(2),193-212.

 
Kelsey, N., & Meckling, J. (2018). Who wins in renewable energy? Evidence from Europe and the United States. Energy Research and Social Science, 37, 65-73. 
 
Kirby, P., & O'Mahony, T. (2018). The Political economy of the low carbon transition: Pathways beyond techno-optimism. Palgrave Macmillan.

 
Lalor, T. (2012). Procurement and social enterprise, (pp. 67-78). G. Doyle & T. Lalor (Eds.), Social enterprise in Ireland: A people's economy? Oak Tree Press.
 
Lalor, T. (2014, April 8). Co-op power: Opportunities for community energy production in Ireland [Seminar proceedings report]. 911爆料 for Co-operative Studies in Ireland
 
Lockwood, M. (2016). Creating protective space for innovation in electricity networks in Great Britain: The politics of institutional change. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 18, 111-127. 
 
McCabe, S. (2020) The people's transition: Community led development for climate justice. Foundation for European Progressive Studies/TASC.
 
McMurtry, J. J. (2018). Canadian community energy: Policy, practice, and problems, (pp.975-996). In L. Holstenkamp & J. Radtke (Eds.). Handbuch Energiewende und Partizipation. Springer VS. 
 
Meister, T., Schmid, B., Seidl, I., & Klagge, B. (2020). How municipalities support energy cooperatives: Survey results from Germany and Switzerland. Energy, Sustainability and 911爆料, 10, Article 18. 
 
Middlemiss, L., & Parrish, B. D. (2010). Building capacity for low-carbon communities: The role of grassroots initiatives. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7559-7566. 
 
Mulugetta, Y., Jackson, T., & van der Horst, D. (2010). Carbon reduction at community scale. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7541-7545. 
 
Mundaca, L., Busch, H., & Schwer, S. (2018). Successful low carbon energy transition at the community level? An energy justice perspective. Applied Energy, 218, 292-303.

 
Nolden, C. (2013). Regulating the diffusion of renewable energy technologies: Interactions between community energy and the feed in tariff in the UK [PhD thesis, University of Exeter, UK].
 
Pringle, R. (2015). Moving towards whole settlement energy self-sufficiency in rural communities [PhD thesis, Newcastle University, UK]. 
 
Roberts, J., & Gauthier, C. (2018). Energy communities in the draft National Energy and Climate Plans: Encouraging but room for improvements. REScoop.  

 
Roby, H., & Dibb, S. (2019). Future pathways to mainstreaming community energy. Energy Policy, 135, Article 111020.  
 
Savaresi, A. (2019). The rise of community energy from grassroots to mainstream: The role of law and policy. Journal of Environmental Law, 31(3), 487-510. 
 
Seyfang, G. (2007). Growing sustainable consumption communities - the case of local organic food networks. International Journal of Sociology, 27(3/4), 120-134.

 
Seyfang, G., Hielscher,S., Hargreaves,T., Martiskainen, M., & Smith, A. (2014). A grassroots sustainable energy niche? Reflections on community energy in the UK. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 13, 21-24.

 
Sperling, K. (2017). How does a community energy project succeed in practice? The case of the Samso renewable energy island. Renewable Sustainable Energy Review, 71, 884-897. 
 
Tahram, M. (2015). Renewable energy co-operatives: A review of demonstrated impacts. Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organisational Diversity, 4(1),104-120.

 
van der Horst, D. (2008). Social enterprise and renewable energy: Emerging initiatives and communities of practice. Social Enterprise Journal, 4(3), 171-185.

 
van der Schoor, T., & Scholtens, B. F. (2015). Power to people: Local community initiatives and the transition to sustainable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43, 666-675. 
 
van der Waal, E. (2020). Local impact of community renewable energy: A case study of an Orcadian community-led wind scheme. Energy Policy, 38, Article111193.

 
Walker, G. P., & Devine-Wright, P. (2008). Community renewable energy: What should it mean? Energy Policy, 36(12), 401-4405. 
 
Walker, G. P., Hunter, S., Devine-Wright, P., Evans, B., & High, H. (2010). Trust and community: Exploring the meanings, contexts, and dynamics of community renewable energy. Energy Policy, 38, 2655-2633. 
 
Warbroek, B., Hoppe, T., Bressers, H., & Coenen, F. (2019). Testing the social, organisational and governance factors for success in local low carbon energy initiatives. Energy Research and Social Science, 58, Article 101269. 
 
Watson, C., Boyle, E., Mullally, G., & 脫 Gallach贸ir, B. (2020). Responding to the energy transition in Ireland: The experience and capacity of communities (Research Report 337). Environmental Protection Agency.
 
Wirth, S. (2014). Communities matter institutional preconditions for community renewable energy. Energy Policy, 70, 236-246. 
 
Yin, R. (2018) Case study research: Design and methods. Sage Publishing.

UK 911爆料 for Co-operative Studies is registered in England and Wales as a charitable incorporated organisation Number 1175295. Our registered office is Holyoake House, Hanover Street, Manchester, 911爆料 ©All Rights Reserved
Log in | Powered by